The Benefits of Dropping an Atomic Bomb on Japan Essay

Angelina Jolie said, â€Å"Without pain, there would be no suffering, without suffering we would never learn from our mistakes. To make it right, pain and suffering is the key to windows, without it, there is no way of life.† On August 6, 1945 the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a small city whose death toll rises to 90,000-166,000. On August 9th, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, 60,000–80,000 . In total, 15 million people lost their lives during the duration of the Second World War. In John Herseys book, Hiroshima, he provides a detailed account of six people and how the bombing of Hiroshima affected their lives. John Heresy felt it was important to focus his story on six individuals to create a remembrance that war affects more†¦show more content†¦Though people questioned why acts of war were committed, they found justification in rationalizing that it served the greater good. As time evolved, the world began to evolve in its thinking and view of the atomic bomb and war. In Hiroshima, John Hersey has a conversation with a survivor of the atomic bomb about the general nature of war. â€Å"She had firsthand knowledge of the cruelty of the atomic bomb, but she felt that more notice should be given to the causes than to the instruments of total war.† (Hersey, 122). In John Hersey’s book, many concepts are discussed. The most important concept for the reader to identify was how society viewed the use of the bomb. Many people, including survivors, have chosen to look past the bomb itself, into the deeper issues the bomb represents. The same should apply to us. Since WWII, we have set up many restrictions, protocols and preventions in the hope that we could spare our society from total nuclear war. The world has benefited in our perspective of the bomb because we learned, understand, and fear the use of atomic weapons. The dropping of the atomic bomb has been significant in understanding the long term effects th at radiation has on the body. It was important that the bomb be used in order for our society to comprehend the repercussions of nuclear warfare. In the book Hiroshima, a survivor named Rev. Kiyoshi Tanimoto briefly describes a commission set up by the United StatesShow MoreRelatedThe Manhattan Project1519 Words   |  7 PagesThe process of building the two atomic bombs was long and hard. The Manhattan project employed 120,000 people, and cost almost $2 billion. Although there were 120,000 Americans working on the project only a select group of scientist knew of the atomic bomb development. Vice president Truman never knew about the development of the bombs until he became president. The axis powers did not know what was going on with the development of the atomic bomb; there was a soviet spy in the project. The sovietRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Was The Right Decision835 Words   |  4 Pageswas the first country to use the atomic bomb in warfare. On August 6, 1945, the first of t wo atomic bombs were dropped. The first bomb was named, â€Å"Little Boy,† and was dropped on the city of Hiroshima. The second bomb was named, â€Å"Fat Man,† (History.com Staff 2009) and was dropped on the city of Nagasaki three days later. The bombs resulted in thousands of casualties and radiation among the civilians. Dropping the atomic bomb was the right decision because the bomb would end the war, it was revengeRead MoreWas the Atomic Bomb Dropped on Hiroshima Justified Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesWere the Americans justified in dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945? The dropping of the atomic bomb on Nagasaki and Hiroshima in 1945 by the Americans is a very controversial issue with no definite answer. Both sides of the issue have very justifiable arguments. Reasons for dropping the bomb include the fact that Truman’s options were limited at this point in the war, that the bomb did have the desired outcome of Japans surrender and that the majority of reasonsRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs910 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 20th century, specifically the year 1945, the United States of America had two atomic bombs that the commander and chief, and president at the time, Harry Truman, knew about. President Truman plan was to drop the bombs on two of Japans cities, Hiroshima first and then Nagasaki. Truman’s plans went accordingly, which to this day leads to a very controversial topic on whether or not dropping the atomic bombs was a good or bad thing. There is evidence and reasoning to back up both claims, inRead MoreDropping The Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki During World War II921 Words   |  4 PagesDropping the Bomb In 1945 America committed an act that some consider to be one of the most destructive acts in the world. It has been questioned why America would execute the devastating dropping of the bombs, nicknamed fat man and little boy, on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War two. One of the first and probably main factors for dropping the bombs was to end World War two as soon as possible. The cost of the war was steadily increasing and Truman wanted keep the cost as low as possibleRead MoreThe Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1165 Words   |  5 Pagestime. It wasn’t until after the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 that the U.S. had officially declared war on Germany and Japan. After Germany had agreed to an unconditional surrender, therefore ending the war in Europe, the U.S. was still at war with Japan and the U.S, hesitant to risk more American lives, made the difficult decision to drop the atomic bomb over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Both bombings resulted in the instant deaths of about 135,000 people and affecting thousands more in waysRead MoreThe War Policy Of Bombing Cities Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesJapanese were Warned Supports of the atomic bombs point out that Japan had been warned and given time to surrender. On July 26, the Potsdam Declaration was sent to Japan as a final ultimatum to accept unconditional surrender. The Allies would accept nothing but unconditional surrender with the document being concluded with â€Å"We call upon the Government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all the Japanese armed forces †¦ the alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction.† InRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs in Japan1373 Words   |  6 PagesOn August 6th, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima without any precedent. The explosion viciously destroyed four square miles of the city and killed 90,000 and injured 40,000. (Weber, â€Å"Was Hiroshima Necessary?†) Three days later, a second atomic bomb stroked the city of Nagasaki which killed approximately 37,000 people and injured 43,000 (Weber, â€Å"Was Hiroshima Necessary? †). These actions of the United States still remain controversial today and the UnitedRead MoreThe Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1345 Words   |  6 PagesA large number of people disagree with the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. A large number of people also back the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. What were the benefits from the United States bombing Japan? What were the effects of the first ever dropped atomic bomb? How are the relations between the United States and Japan today? Read on to find out some of these controversial topics. It is estimated that within the first few months after the bombing, it is estimated between 90,000 166Read MoreAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1074 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different ways in which WWII could have ended. Rather than taking the risk of dropping atomic bombs on Japan, many people believe that one of the alternative options would have been much more sensible. The variety of possible options the U.S. could have taken to finish the war have been analyzed for years. Though Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki is one of the most controversial and debated topics in history, this researcher believes that he made

Animal Testing Is Inhumane For Diseases, And Development...

What is animal testing? Animal testing is when scientist experiment on animals to find cures for diseases, and development of medical treatments. Many animals die because of this. Majority of people don’t know what they go through and how the process is done. Animal testing is inhumane for the following: why it is done, how it is done, and when it is done. To begin with, why is it done? Animal testing is done to protect humans from bad products that may hurt them, also to find ways to cure diseases that haven’t been cure yet. 95 percent of mice and rats are used for research. Mice represented the largest increase in research with their numbers going from 1.2 million to nearly 1.9 million in that period. Other animals also saw increases (Qtd animal experiment up to 73 percent, study says). Other animals that are used in research are rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, farm animals, fish, and insects, and also less than one percent cats, and dog’s area also used for r esearch. Another reason is to treat injuries and learn more about the animal bodies to find the similarity to the human body (qtd. animal research). Animal testing is inhumane when testing to protect humans. Some people say testing on animals are life changing experiments and with the help of animal experiment can discover blood transfusion, kidney dialysis, and gene therapy for example cystic fibrosis and types of cancer( Coster 7). Others think experimenting on animal is cruel and they suffer a lot. It is trueShow MoreRelatedAnimal Experimentation Is Necessary For Medical Purposes922 Words   |  4 Pagesdecades, the use of animal experimentation has played a vital role in science and has lead to the development of numerous vaccines. However, since it’s beginning, numerous amounts of people have disagreed and protested against this act classifying it has inhumane as well as cruelty. Many organizations have worked to try and abolish animal testing in order to protect anima l rights. Against their accusations and beliefs, scientist disagree greatly with the extinction of animal testing because of its valueRead MoreAnimal Testing And Its Effects On Human Health1146 Words   |  5 PagesMillions of animals suffer and die unnecessarily each year as they become subjects for medical testing and other horrendous experiments. Although some people believe such activities are necessary to progress in medical research, in reality it does very little to improve human health and development. For decades, drug and chemical safety assessments have been based on laboratory experimentations involving rabbits, dogs, rodents, and other animals. Consequently, nine out of ten drugs proven safeRead MoreAnimals For Medical Purposes Should Not Remain Legal1679 Words   |  7 PagesMillions of harmless, innocent animals die tragically every year because of painful medical research. Animals including mice, rabbits, monkeys, cats, and dogs undergo painful procedures and m edical experiments in order to monitor the devastating effect that takes place on their bodies. As the animals wait in their cold, boring, isolated cages, they do not receive the chance to roam around or use their natural abilities. Before their soon, unavoidable death, some animals are injected with harmful toxinsRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable forRead MoreEssay about Humane Treatment of Animals1419 Words   |  6 PagesHumane Treatment of Animals Animal testing is a necessity in todays society. This topic receives a lot of attention worldwide. There are many people who feel that risking an animals well being is cruel and inhumane. They may be right; however, Im taking a utilitarian approach on this topic and saying that the greater good for majority of people wins. At this day in age we cannot simply stop testing animals until another way is discovered. The application of animals to test a large number ofRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Used For Biomedical Research1645 Words   |  7 PagesMillions of animals are used and tested on for biomedical research. Considering this fact, is it really an ethical approach to satisfying the needs of humans? Animals should not be used for biomedical research because the experiments are cruel and inhumane. Although animal testing brings more medical advancement and less human-based experiments, it is an expensive way of researching that produce imprecise outputs and at the same time is a practice of animal cruelty. What is animal testing? Animal testingRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Not All Humane And Pain Free1130 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"An estimated 26 million animals are used every year in the united states for scientific and commercial testing† (ProCon.org). We are rapidly using up the earth’s supply of small animals. â€Å"A 2011 poll of nearly 1,000 biomedical scientists conducted by the science journal Nature found that more than 90% agreed that the use of animals in research is essential (ProCon.org). Right now, millions of mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, and other animals are locked up in cages and are getting killed for scientificRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1336 Words   |  6 PagesThe world’s largest cosmetic markets have banned animal testing for cosmetics. Major companies have turned their backs completely on animal testing and no longer use ingredients that were tested on animals – and a number of animal tests have been completely r eplaced with superior, cheaper and more effective non-animal methods. Proponents of animal testing say that it has enabled the development of many life-saving treatments for both humans and animals, that there is no alternative method for researchingRead MoreAnimal Testing And The Inhumane Side Of Testing2051 Words   |  9 PagesAnimal testing and research is highly debated around our world, with people comparing the successes of the research to the inhumane side of testing. Many medical advancements can be attributed to animal research, but of course, some tests are unsuccessful or provide no further knowledge. More humane methods of testing are being developed, and the tests that are performed with the intent of harming the animals are backed with painkillers, anesthesia, or euthanasia. However, testing for cosmetic productsRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Should Be Banned1426 Words   |  6 Pagesjudged by the way its animals are treated.† - Mahatma Gandhi. These famous w ords still ring true in today’s society as we struggle to overcome the scientific experimentation on animals. Animals have acted as the archstone of human civilization since the dawn of man, from a source of food, to companionship. However, in the past century, we have been blurring the line between environmental entitlement and environmental rape. Every member of the human race interacts and depends on animals, and we owe them

Scarlet Letter Literary Criticism Essay Example For Students

Scarlet Letter Literary Criticism Essay Scarlet Letter Literary Criticism Essay All great stories have thorough reports from several different literary critics, what do they have to say on The Scarlet Letter? The Scarlet Letter in the nineteenth century is comparable to early twentieth century and late twentieth century criticism. Early nineteenth century critics think the story was a tremendous work of art. A Review of New Books thought the story is a genuine native romance (Ripley 295). This is shown through the struggle of Hester and Arthur to have a secret love affair and find time to see each other periodically throughout the story. Ripley believes The Scarlet Letter is his greatest work by imposing splendor of portative (295). Hawthorne is a master at telling this story very haunted at times. Ripley ponders, Roger Chillingworth is depicted with such fearful directness and vigor that it is his informal presence that must long haunt the chamber of memory (295). The critic feels that Hawthorne would move the audience to a sad place as Chillingworth haunted Dimmesdale. Hawthornes work is even considered better than the highly famous Edgar Allen Poe. Ripley states, Hawthorne makes his tragedies with a wonderful insight and skill, to which the intellect of Poe was a stranger (295). This is a great compliment for Hawthorne, as Poe has some great dark stories. But its true, because it seems like this story was always gloomy. Just when you think things are going to get good at the end, when Dimmesdale is in a good mood, he quickly gets sick again. This was very interesting, because it is a different twist to the normal happy story. The people in the story as a whole are spoken of. The people in the story were more symbolic than just a character, very picturesquely arranged, mainly because the story isnt about them, but what they stand for (James 29). For instance, Pearl is the living sin. Nineteenth century criticism is positive to the story. Early twentieth century criticism continues what took place in nineteenth century criticism, to be very optimistic about the story, but takes a deeper look into the main characters. Mark Van Doven points out the greatness of the characters. He explains Pearl in a short, but fascinating way, Pearl has something supernatural about her. She may even be the devils child (Van Doren 135). Pearl, the living sin, haunts Hester at times with her tricky questions. Van Doren says of Dimmesdale, Dimmesdales purpose, still do not give him peace. The blood comes, but not his soul, for there is no penitence. He tortures, but cannot purify himself (131). He is a sad character in this story. It seems like all he does is suffer and suffer. Either way, Arthur would have been tortured, either physically or mentally. If he came out early on, they would have killed him, but he kept it in, so he suffered mentally. Hawthorne did this magically. Van Doven speaks highest on Hawthornes work of Hester, Hester becomes a heroine, almost a goddess, into when the character every other woman in Hawthorne flows (130). She is ridiculed so much during the story, but lived her life sewing elaborate dresses. After Arthurs death, people would finally talk to her again. Hester is a passionate woman, shown through her state of excitement feeding in frenzy, in the prison after her first exposure to the crowd (131). She cries for a while there, after being so strong on the scaffold. Critics of the early twentieth century were constructive of The Scarlet Letter. Late twentieth century criticism spoke of only good things of the Scarlet Letter as well, as they depicted the interesting character or Chillingworth. Neilson talks of Hawthornes character work, Neilson believed Chillingworths power died when Arthur died, forcing him to shrivel up and pass away quickly. Neilson talks of Roger, Chillingworth is a dabbler in black music, a porche where clearly predates his animal in Boston (Neilson 273). He is a wicked man who sinned more than he had to to make Dimmesdales life a living hell. .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6 , .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6 .postImageUrl , .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6 , .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6:hover , .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6:visited , .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6:active { border:0!important; } .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6:active , .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6 .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf52f914a000f8cf359fd8f97626356c6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: "In what ways does the concept of reversal appear in the start of Act 2?" Essay More of Chillingworth is explained, he is the wronged husband, but ironically the most condensed sinner. That is because he is the only one of the three .

Financial Risk and Portfolio Optimization †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Financial Risk and Portfolio Optimization. Answer: Introduction: Jaguar and Ford mainly fall under automobile industry and are considered competitors of each other. Hence, the acquisition of Jaguar could create the highest value for Ford, which might help the company increasing value. In addition, the values will only be created with the help of synergies that will be created by the company with the acquisition process. This acquisition process might mainly help in generating the levels of synergies in production, and revenue stream that could create value for Ford. Moreover, the combination of Jaguar and Ford could allow both companies to combine their production and dealership. This could help in generating high level of return from investment. In this context, Aliu, Pavelkova and Dehning (2017) stated that companies with the help of acquisitions and mergers can create value by combining their operations and increase the overall profitability. In addition, the value will be created by combing the production system of both the companies and reduce the actual cost of production. This value creation might help the company in declining the costs and increasing the level of returns. Therefore, the combined valuation of the company could help in generating the level of returns from investment. Furthermore, the combination could help in generating high level of sales for the company, as the combined dealership would increase the sales of the firm, while reducing the actual cost of production. This combined valuation would allow both the companies to generate high level of synergies and valuation for investment. Beshears et al. (2016) argued that without the identification of synergies companies are not able to create the relevant value, which might reduce financial stability of the combined company. Calculating share price of Jaguar suing DCF method: Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 Particulars 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Turnover (in millions): United States - in $ $850.00 $1,076.90 $1,364.30 $1,728.40 $2,189.70 $2,774.20 Exchange Rate $/ 1.615 1.615 1.615 1.615 1.615 1.615 United States - in 526.32 666.81 844.77 1,070.22 1,355.85 1,717.77 Europe - in DM 434 572.7 755.6 997.1 1315.6 1735.9 Exchange Rate DM/ 3.022 3.022 3.022 3.022 3.022 3.022 Europe - in 143.61 189.51 250.03 329.95 435.34 574.42 Total Turnover in US Europe 669.93 856.32 1,094.80 1,400.16 1,791.19 2,292.19 United Kingdom 324.00 404.80 505.80 632.10 789.80 986.80 Rest of World 172.80 241.30 337.00 470.60 657.20 917.80 Total Turnover - in 1,166.73 1,502.42 1,937.60 2,502.86 3,238.19 4,196.79 Cost of Sales -1,045.00 -1,350.40 -1,730.90 -2,222.10 -2,829.50 -3,608.80 Gross Profit 121.73 152.02 206.70 280.76 408.69 587.99 Distribution, Administration and RD Costs -122.00 -147.30 -177.90 -214.80 -259.40 -313.20 Net Operating Profit -0.27 4.72 28.80 65.96 149.29 274.79 Increase in Net Working Capital -113.2 -34.5 -45.1 -59 -77.3 -101.5 Free Cash Flow -113.47 -29.78 -16.30 6.96 71.99 173.29 Discount Rate 6.72% 6.72% 6.72% 6.72% 6.72% 6.72% Discounted FCF -106.33 -26.15 -13.41 5.37 52.01 117.31 Total of Discounted FCFs 28.80 Particulars Value Value of Company after 1995 2,579.13 PV of Value after 1995 1,745.91 Total Fair Value 1,774.72 Nos. of Shares 182.926 Fair Value per Shares (in ) 9.70 Evaluating prices of Jaguar under different scenarios: Particulars Value Value of Company after 1995 2,445.38 PV of Value after 1995 1,655.37 Total Fair Value 1,659.37 Nos. of Shares 182.926 Fair Value per Shares (in ) 9.07 Increase in DM interest rate by 25%: Particulars Value Value of Company after 1995 2,644.64 PV of Value after 1995 1,790.26 Total Fair Value 1,830.28 Nos. of Shares 182.926 Fair Value per Shares (in ) 10.01 Increase in Yen interest rate by 25%: Particulars Value Value of Company after 1995 2,579.13 PV of Value after 1995 1,745.91 Total Fair Value 1,774.72 Nos. of Shares 182.926 Fair Value per Shares (in ) 9.70 Decrease in $ interest rate by 10%: Particulars Value Value of Company after 1995 3,133.60 PV of Value after 1995 2,121.26 Total Fair Value 2,252.88 Nos. of Shares 182.926 Fair Value per Shares (in ) 12.32 Decrease in DM interest rate by 10%: Particulars Value Value of Company after 1995 2,847.98 PV of Value after 1995 1,927.91 Total Fair Value 2,002.77 Nos. of Shares 182.926 Fair Value per Shares (in ) 10.95 Decrease in Yen interest rate by 10%: Particulars Value Value of Company after 1995 2,579.13 PV of Value after 1995 1,745.91 Total Fair Value 1,774.72 Nos. of Shares 182.926 Fair Value per Shares (in ) 9.70 Depicting the currency Jaguar should manage more: From the overall evaluation of above tables relevant exposure of Jaguar can be calculated, which might hamper their actual revenue from currency conversion. The maximum of revenue that is generated by Jaguar is from US, which relevantly indicates the exposure of dollar, which needs to be managed by the company. In addition, the evaluation of above figure mainly helps in detecting the overall percentage sales, which is conducted in US by Jaguar. The evaluation indicates that maximum of the sales are mainly on US dollar, which states the Jaguar should manage the US Dollar adequately for reducing any kind of losses, which might incur from currency exchange. The US sales Vs worldwide sales depict a relevant sales percentage to 41%, which indicates that maximum revenue is generated from sales in US. Hence, the organisation needs to manage US dollar for curbing the loses, which might incur from the exchange rate (Bruni et al. 2015). The above figure relevantly depicts the overall financial data of Jaguar, which could help in generating the level of return from investment. The major revenue is generated from US, which can be seen from above figure. In addition, the financial performance is dependent on the revenue that is generated in dollars and needs to be converted in pound for increasing the level of returns from investment. Furthermore, without the conversion of sales in pound the actual revenue that is generated by the company is not evaluated. Hence, the risk exposure of Jaguar is immense in terms of dollar revenue. Any decline in the currency value might hamper actual valuation of the stock and directly affect its revenue generating capacity. Therefore, Jaguar needs to conduct adequate valuation and adjust for their exposure in the market, which could help in reducing the losses from currency conversion (Hung et al. 2018). Stating how much should jaguar hedge, while describing financial and industrial hedging: Particulars 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 United States - in 45.11% 44.38% 43.60% 42.76% 41.87% 40.93% Europe - in 12.31% 12.61% 12.90% 13.18% 13.44% 13.69% United Kingdom 27.77% 26.94% 26.10% 25.26% 24.39% 23.51% Rest of World 14.81% 16.06% 17.39% 18.80% 20.30% 21.87% From the overall evaluation sales percentage that is generated from US is the highest, which might affect the total revenues of the company. In addition, Jaguar needs to hedge its exposure in US for curbing the losses that might incur from volatile currency market. The combined Europe sales are not close to the revenue that is generated from US sales. Jaguar needs to use hedging instruments such as forwards and future contracts for curbing the losses that might incur from currency conversion. The 40% of total revenue that is generated from Jaguar needs to be hedged for shortening the losses in currency conversation. The use of future contacts can reduce the relevant losses from operations. In addition, this derivatives contract might allow the company to hedge its exposure in the currency market and reduce any kind of expected losses, which might incur from currency market (Pfaff 2016). Therefore, buying future contracts of dollar might help in reducing the losses from currency conve rsion for Jaguar. The current exposure of Jaguar in Japan is relatively lower than other countries, where operations of the company has not been conducted adequately. In addition, the revenue generated from japan is relevant low, which reduced the implication and exposure of Jaguar in Yen. This relevant exposure of the company might directly affect the overall profitability, which might incur from operations. This exposure from currency conversion is relatively low, where the actual revenue that is generated in Japan can be hedged with using appropriate instrument (Zhang, Liu and Xu 2014). Stating which exchange rate is Jaguar exposed: In perspective of Ford a US-based shareholder Jaguar is mainly exposed to DM and Pound currency, which could hamper relevant profits of the shareholders. In addition, the major exposure of the company is mainly on pound, where the actual expenses are been conducted for the production of cars. This exposure of the Jaguar after the acquisition might be controlled with the help of hedging process, which might be useful for US-based shareholder to increase their return from investment. Being a US-based shareholder the relevant revenues that is been generated outside US needs to be hedged for reducing the negative impact from currency conversion. In addition, the operations of Jaguar need to be evaluated based on US dollars, which might help in generating high rate of return from investment (Damodaran 2016). There are two different sources of each exposure, which is generated from pound and DM. The high-end exposure for US-Based shareholders can be conducted by hedging adequate pound in comparison to dollar. In addition, the exposure from pound is due to the production facility, which is located in UK. In addition, the sales revenue from Europe and Germany is also conducted by the company over the period. Therefore, the revenues and expenses incurred in UK is the major source of exposure for the pound currency. The second source of exposure is the currency DM, which is generated from Germany. Jaguar conducts adequate sales in Germany, which could increase the accumulation of DM by the company and needs to be converted in US dollar. Moreover, this source of exposure is relevantly high, as the company obtains adequate revenue from the sales of cars in Germany, as depicted in case study (Fracassi 2016). Stating which exposure should Ford care about: From the overall evaluation, exposure in pound needs to be assessed by Ford and can take relevant measure to control risk from currency exchange. In addition, Ford after acquiring Jaguar needs to be concerned regarding exposure in pound that is made by the company. Hence, the exposure in pound is the main concern for the company, as the overall revenue and expense are in pound. This would directly hamper the actual performance of the company if Ford is not careful in hedging their exposure in the UK market. Furthermore, the exposure on DM also needs to be evaluated by Ford, as adequate revenue is generated from Europe division of Jaguar (Foley and Manova 2015). Therefore, exposure in currency market and commodity market needs to be conducted by Ford for reducing the risk from their investment. From the overall evaluation, Jaguar has relevant exposure in pound and DM, which needs to be hedged adequately for reducing risk from currency market. In addition, the exposure in the current market mainly needs to be reduced by using adequate level of hedging contracts such as futures and forward contracts. In this context, Scholes (2015) mentioned that companies with the help of hedging process can reduce the risk from volatile markets in which they are trading. Furthermore, the evaluation mainly helps in depicting the risk, which mouth hamper the actual profits of the organisation. On the other hand, Bazdresch, Kahn and Whited (2017) criticises that hedging process without evaluation does not provide adequate return for the organisation, while increase the chance of risk from investment. Therefore, Ford needs to have adequate hedging contract for both pound and DM, which could help in generating high level of returns from investment. 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